This is My Life: Beatrice Zweber Remembers Threshing Crews

This blog series is adapted from a memoir by Beatrice Zweber Mahowald of New Market. Her grandson, Pat Mahowald, compiled her autobiography with photographs and family research. Beatrice took over the household management on her family’s farm at age 15, after the death of her mother and the marriages of her older sisters. Part I can be read here.

What was the worst was when the threshers would come. They were always there for two days, for breakfast, afternoon lunch, and late supper. In those days there weren’t any ice boxes or refrigerators in the county and it was a lot harder to get the food ready. My sisters always came home to help with the cooking for the threshers, otherwise I wouldn’t get the dishes washed. And there were so many to wash.

I would bake fresh pie for dinner, cake for supper, and fresh coffeecake and buns for lunch. The bread I’d bake before the threshers came. We all worked hard all day. We cooked too good, that’s why the threshers ate so much.

This certain year I knew I would have the threshers for breakfast. They were going to move the machine over early in the morning, so that night before I went to bed, I set the table and I had the potatoes all peeled and cut up so I could put them in the frying pan as soon as I would get downstairs. My sisters didn’t help me with the breakfast. I was alone for that, and here my dad called me about 10 pm and said the threshers are here and they didn’t have any supper. They moved over to our place after dark because they didn’t want to eat another meal at the place they were. They said the food was so terribly bad there, so I got up and fried the potatoes, went in the basement, got up some fried down pork (which I also had planned for our breakfast) and I made them a good supper. Today I would say, “I’m in bed. Let them go home or go hungry.”

I had all those dishes to wash and dry as the whole thresher crew came along. I must have fed a dozen men. It was late when I got to bed, and the next morning I had to be up early. I was really mad at those threshers but it was Dad’s fault. He should have told them I was asleep. Just think of how nice the farmers’ wives have it nowadays. They have combines now, so they only need to feed their own family.

Some of the threshers used to sleep at the farmer’s house and they were so dirty when they slept in the beds two nights the sheets were black dirty, and they would dump the straw from the their clothes on the floor. I was always so glad when we were done with the threshing.

Lead image: Threshing at Augustus Keup Farm, 1896

This Is My Life: Beatrice Zweber Remembers Appendicitis in 1914

This blog series is adapted from a memoir by Beatrice Zweber Mahowald of New Market. Her grandson, Pat Mahowald, compiled her autobiography with photographs and family research. Beatrice took over the household management on her family’s farm at age 15, after the death of her mother and the marriages of her older sisters. The incident she describes below took place in 1914, when she was 16 years old and a primary caretaker for her family. It has been slightly edited from the original for clarity.

After dinner, I wanted to go to bed but I found out I couldn’t lay down. So I sat on the edge of the bed with my elbows on my knees and my face in my hands. I was so tired but I just couldn’t lay down. I had such pain so at four o’clock in the morning I went in my brother Henry’s room and I told him that I sat up all night and that I was very sick. He said he would get up and feed the horse so dad could take me to the doctor.

The horse had to eat first because this was a far trip to Prior Lake, which is about eleven miles from our home [in New Market]. A horse can only walk about three miles in a half hour. It must have been 8:30 when we got there, because the doctor was at his office. When the doctor examined me, he said I had appendicitis. My dad got very excited and he was going to put me on the train at Prior Lake that stops at Shakopee, and then from there he was going to transfer to St. Paul on a train. But Dr. Kennedy said, “Oh no, Mr. Zweber, this child is too sick to operate on now.”

Prior Lake’s train depot in 1908. Scott County Historical Society.

He gave me some medicine in the office and said Dad should take me home, and I should go to the hospital on Monday. So Dad and I started the long trip home.

On Tuesday August 24, 1914 I had my operation. My dad went along into the operating room. When I laid on the table they told me to inhale the ether, but I didn’t do it. [Ether was a liquid anesthesia used in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Physicians dropped ether onto fabric held over a patient’s face by a mask.] I could see my dad sitting there and I felt so bad for him because he really looked sad. I thought of my three younger brothers and I thought now if I die who would take care of them. I wanted to cry but I really couldn’t do that because they said inhale. I just couldn’t inhale that stinky stuff. Anyway they must have poured it on because I went to sleep.

When I woke up I was in my room at St. Joseph’s hospital. Two doctors and some nurses were with me, and I was really sick. In those days an appendicitis operation was serious and dangerous because they didn’t have the medicine to fight infection like they have now. They would keep you in the hospital two weeks. I didn’t like it at St. Joseph’s because they didn’t feed me enough. I remember the first breakfast at home. My cousin brought me a great big plate of hot beef stew and gravy and several pieces of toast made from homemade bread. I ate it all.

Lead Image: Photograph of Beatrice Zweber in 1913. Scott County Historical Society.

History of the Shakopee Central School, Part 3

This blog series is adapted from a paper written in 2003 by Chris Kiecker on the history of the Central School Building in Shakopee. Over the years, the building has had many names, including Union School, Shakopee High School, Central Elementary, and the Central Family Center. To read the full paper in its original format, please visit our research library. Part 1 explores the early history of the school, Part 2 details new mid-century expansions, and Part 3 discusses the many modern changes.

Post 1960 Addition

 Although the 1960 addition was the last major structural change to the high school, the building would experience many changes in the upcoming years. Eventually, voters did approve the construction of the new high school, and the original school produced its last graduating class in 1965. In fall of 1965, the school would become the junior high with the completion of the new high school. The old school would still serve an important role in the community as the only public school with an auditorium, and many of the high school’s programs were still held in the 1929 auditorium.

New Shakopee High School (present-day Shakopee West Middle School), 1966. Scott County Historical Society.

Even with construction of Sweeney Elementary School in the late 1960s, the school board determined that the 1968 district enrollment of 1,776 students was expected to increase to 2,850 students by 1972, and additional space would be needed (33). With that future problem in mind, a bond election for $2.1 million was set for February 11, 1969. Of the $2.1 million, $160,000 would be used to remodel the old school, the other funds would be used to construct what is now Pearson Elementary and to provide a significant addition to the high school, including a second floor of classrooms, added industrial arts facilities, and a 600 seat auditorium (34).

Auditorium before its removal in 1969.

With the approval of the $2.1 million in funding, the school board began planning for the improvements to the old high school, now the junior high school. The improvements included the renovation of the auditorium space into an expanded gymnasium space, the remodeling of the science and home economics areas, and the replacement of the old lighting system with modern fixtures throughout the building (35). As soon as school was out in June of 1969, the remodeling was immediately underway, with the project to be completed before school was again in session that fall.

The energy crisis of the mid 1970s brought about some changes to the school in various ways. The most dramatic change was the boarding up of the large windows in the gymnasium to prevent excessive heat loss, a change to the aesthetics of the building that would last almost 30 years. With the energy improvements, electrical and mechanical systems also received updates to increase efficiency. At this time, the school district was again experiencing a shortage of space, which caused the junior high to be moved to the new high school building and the schedule to be changed to a split shift, in which the high school students would attend class in the morning and the junior high in the afternoon. During this time, the old high school building became Central Elementary School, and eventually, the crowded quarters were relieved with the opening of a new junior high school in 1976 [present-day Shakopee East Middle School].

The Central Elementary building has likely received smaller improvements throughout the 1980s and 1990s, such as the installation of an elevator in the mid 1990s, and various technological updates, but nothing structurally significant. During the summer of 2002 the building received a $1,000,000 facelift. Included in this project were the installation of insulation and stuccowork over the deteriorating glass block exterior walls of the 1950 and 1960 additions. Many windows were replaced in the structure, including all windows in the 1929 addition. Plywood and fiberglass insulation was removed from the gymnasium windows, and the old windows were replaced with high quality aluminum windows, exposing new generations to the aesthetic beauty of the 1929 addition. The classrooms located above the gymnasium were updated with new mechanical and electrical systems, as well as finishes such as false ceilings and carpet.

New windows in the 1929 addition, winter 2003.

New windows in the 1929 addition, winter 2003.

The school is currently [as of 2003] home to the school district offices and the community education programs. Early childhood programs are held in classrooms in the old elementary wing.

Addendum by Scott County Historical Society Staff

After many years of providing education, office space, and family resources in the Central School, or the Central Family Center, the building was demolished the week of September 4, 2023. SCHS has many photos, negatives, and relevant objects to the school in our collection, and most recently, have acquired three different kinds of bricks used in the construction and additions to the building.

Another item of historical significance within the walls of the building was a 1938 Works Progress Administration mural, painted by Harmon Arndt, a graduate of the Minneapolis School of Art. The mural depicts the history of Shakopee beginning in the 1840s, and appeared on the walls of the library (and later band room). The mural was saved prior to demolition and sent to the Midwest Art Conservation Center for conservation treatment. It remains in possession of the Shakopee school district.

Shakopee High School Library with the WPA mural in the background, 1950s. Scott County Historical Society.

Shakopee High School Library with the WPA mural in the background, 1950s. Scott County Historical Society.

Part 3 References

33. Shakopee Valley News, January 30, 1969, page 1.

34. Shakopee Valley News, January 30, 1969, page 2.

35. Shakopee Valley News, February 27, 1969, page 1.

Acknowledgments, as they appear in the original document

Coller II, Julius A. The Shakopee Story. Shakopee, Minnesota: Lakewood Press. 1960.

Scott County Argus, 1894, 1897.

Shakopee High School Yearbooks, 1953-1967.

Shakopee Argus-Tribune, 1929, 1930, 1948, 1949.

Shakopee Valley News, 1949, 1958, 1959, 1969.

Thank you to Mr. Bob Greeley, Shakopee Community Education Director, for providing access to the structure and the school district’s old building plans.

Thank you to Mr. John Cole, former Junior High Principal, for sharing his knowledge of historical school district information.

Thank you to the Scott County Historical Society for their well organized research facilities and access to Shakopee Argus-Tribune and Shakopee Valley News archives.

Thank you to Mrs. Edie Cook, Shakopee High School English teacher and yearbook coordinator, for the use of past SHS Yearbooks.

History of the Shakopee Central School, Part 2

This blog series is adapted from a paper written in 2003 by Chris Kiecker on the history of the Central School Building in Shakopee. Over the years, the building has had many names, including Union School, Shakopee High School, Central Elementary, and the Central Family Center. To read the full paper in its original format, please visit our research library. Part 1 explores the early history of the school, while Part 2 details new mid-century expansions.

The 1950 Addition 

A set of plans by Long and Thorshov Architects dated November 14, 1946, indicate that the school district began the process of planning for the next major addition in this year, although this project was not fully complete until the fall of 1951. The reason for the delay in construction seems to be a result of the community’s unwillingness to fund this major project.

In February of 1948, a meeting was held in which Hubert Swanson, of Long and Thorshov Architects, presented the proposed addition to the PTA, estimated at $347,000 (15). At this point, the community had only approved $294,000 in funds in a February 1947 bond election, the legal limit at that time. The community was aware that an addition was badly needed due to the “overcrowded conditions, antiquated facilities, and the increases in enrollment.” In fact, it was printed that the school was crowded to the very limit of capacity and that classes were even being held in the lunchroom (16). The school board decided to give an invitation for formal bids, and when the bids came in high in late April, the plans were shelved for an entire year (17).

A law established by the State Legislature in 1949 allowed school boards to bond up to 50% (an increase from the previous 25%) the value of the district’s real estate and personal property, or $462,000 in Shakopee’s situation (18). Because the school district had already approved the $294,000 and saved additional funds, the board sought to increase the fund by holding a bond election for an additional $140,000. The district again acquired a new set of bids totaling $411,000 in June of 1949 and held an election on June 30, 1949. Of the 560 votes cast, 295 “no” votes were counted and the funding was refused. Because only one third of the eligible citizens voted and the margin was so close, the school board called for a second election on July 15. Unfortunately, the second election was downed by 107 votes (19).

Early construction of the new addition, March 31, 1950.

In August of 1949, the State of Minnesota released a statement in which the pre- 1929 portion of the school was described as a “fire trap,” (20) and in September, the fire marshal condemned the school calling it “one of the worst in the area (21).” Most likely out of embarrassment from the state’s comments, a committee of local civic leaders and businessmen was established for the purpose of creating support in the community for the needed school improvements. In December of 1949, the committee released a report to the community outlining the reasons additional bond money was necessary (22). Another bond election was held in January 1950, in which the $140,000 in funds was finally approved by 702 votes to 211, and in late March, work began according to the 1946 building plans (23).

Construction progress, April 14, 1950.

The plans created by Long and Thorshov called for the pre-1929 portion of the building to be demolished, and the 1929 addition of the auditorium, gymnasium and library to become the nucleus of the new school. Because school was in session in the old portion of the building, the general contractor, Kratochvil Construction Company, began by constructing the new wing along Lewis Street. This two-story wing would eventually house grades one through nine, but would be used for temporary instruction of all grades throughout the construction process. The first floor of the Lewis Street wing included six classrooms, one each for grades one through six. Lavatory space for both boys and girls was provided as well. The second floor included five classrooms primarily for the junior high, bathrooms, and the school office.

Demolition and addition construction, May 12, 1950.

Once school was out for summer vacation, a portion of the old building was demolished to make room for the new high school addition located immediately south of the gymnasium and auditorium. This three-story structure provided locker room and shower space for both boys and girls on the first floor, as well as access to the boiler room. Also new to the first floor was a dining and activity room that was included in an addition to what was previously the exterior entrance to the auditorium. Directly above the dining room, on the second floor, was space for the new library and visual aids department. The second floor would house classroom space for metal and wood shop and art and drafting instruction. The old library would become the music and band room. The business, then referred to as “commercial,” and home economics departments were located on the third floor. This area also included faculty offices and bathrooms. The five classrooms above the gymnasium were to be used, as they had been previously, for instruction of general high school subjects, such as mathematics and science. The construction of the new addition caused the start of the 1950 academic year to be moved from September to October.

Construction, November 18, 1950.

Construction, March 1, 1951.

Construction nearing completion, April 1, 1951.

Construction continued throughout the fall and winter months and concluded in the spring with completion of the industrial arts and home economics areas, the remodeling of the old library, and the final razing of the 1881 and 1907 structure. Architects made the final checks in early July of 1951, and the school officially opened in a new and modern structure for the 1951 academic year (24).

The 1960 Addition

By the end of the 1950s, the high school again became crowded and the voters approved the purchase of 17 acres in April of 1958 for $27,000 (25). Although the land was not purchased with a definite plan in mind, the school board knew the high school property allowed for very limited possibilities for future expansion. This parcel of land, referred to as the Ploumen property, is located south of Tenth Avenue, east of Fuller Street, and west of Spencer Street, and became the high school property [today, this building is known as Shakopee West Middle School]. Although a piece of land was secured, conditions expected at the school required immediate attention for the next academic year. In July, the school board made a deal to rent out classroom space from the First Presbyterian Church and the offices of Dr. Paul Nevin.26

The school board initially intended to build a 12-room elementary school on the new property, but voters rejected a proposed $425,000 for this very purpose on November 17, 1958, with a total of 584 to 220 votes. A bond issue for same amount to build the elementary school was again placed in the hands of the voters on January 15, 1959, and was once again rejected, with a total of 548 to 293 votes. The bond issue, lowered to $400,000, was rejected a third time on July 9, with a total of 593 to 386 votes (27).

Frustration prompted the formation of a 40-person advisory committee to determine what type of school improvements the community would be willing to vote in favor of. The committee determined that citizens showed interest in building a new high school instead of an elementary school on the new 17-acre property (28). A new plan was drawn up, in which a new high school would be constructed for $1,100,000, and the old high school would receive $200,000 in funds to construct an addition to the elementary wing. The old high school space would become the junior high and the elementary wing would continue to be used for the instruction of grades 1 through 6 (29). On August 6, 1959, citizens voted on the $1.3 million bond issue, and chose to reject the funds, with a total 569 to 146 votes (30).

Recognizing the decision as the last of options, the school board choose to set an election for $200,000 to add the badly needed addition to the elementary wing of the school. The board discussed the limitations of the current building, even with the added space, and also pointed out that the school would be filled to capacity within a year of completing the addition, but with all other options exhausted, the election was set for September 17 (31). Voters finally approved the bond money, 280 to 108, and school officials began planning for the addition with Armstrong and Schlicting Architects. The addition was designed to replicate the glass block theme of the 1950 addition and included three classrooms and lavatory space on each of the two floors (32). Construction was to be completed for the start of the 1960 academic year.

Complete 1960 addition (center-right of image). Scott County Historical Society.

Part 2 References

15. Shakopee Argus-Tribune, February 19, 1948, page 1.

16. Shakopee Valley News, June 30, 1949, page 1.

17. Shakopee Argus-Tribune, April 29, 1948, page 1.

18. Shakopee Valley News, April 28, 1949, page 4.

19. Shakopee Argus-Tribune, July 21 1949, page 1.

20. Shakopee Argus-Tribune, August 4, 1949, page1.

21. Shakopee Argus-Tribune, September 22, 1949, page 1.

22. Shakopee Argus-Tribune, December 22, 1949, page 1.

23. “The Shakopee Story,” Julius A. Coller II, page 411.

24. Shakopee Valley News, July 5, 1951, page 1.

25. Shakopee Valley News, April 10, 1958, page 1.

26. Shakopee Valley News, April 17, 1958, page 1.

27. Shakopee Valley News, July 16, 1959, page 1.

28. Shakopee Valley News, March 12, 1959, page 1.

29. Shakopee Valley News, August 6, 1959, page 1.

30. Shakopee Valley News, August 13, 1959, page 1.

31. Shakopee Valley News, September 10, 1959, page 1.

32. Shakopee Valley News, September 24, 1959, page 1.

History of the Shakopee Central School, Part 1

This blog series is adapted from a paper written in 2003 by Chris Kiecker on the history of the Central School Building in Shakopee. Over the years, the building has had many names, including Union School, Shakopee High School, Central Elementary, and the Central Family Center. To read the full paper in its original format, please visit our research library. Part 1 dives into the early history of the school district and building.

District 41 School Building, 1870s.

When the public educational system began in Shakopee in 1854, classes were held in various locations, including the Stemmer home and the second story of the old post office building. Three schools served Shakopee residents during the 1870s: The District 1 stone building, the District 2 school, and District 41 school building (1). The No. 1 school burned in 1880, the No. 2 building became the residence of Herman Duede, and the No. 41 school house, located on Fourth Street, served the district until 1918 and was destroyed in 1935 after officials condemned the building as a hazard to life and limb (2).

1881 Building

In July of 1881, the County Commissioners consolidated Districts 1 and 2, and construction began on a new building located on a block of land bordered by Fifth and Sixth Avenues to the north and south, and Holmes and Lewis Streets to the west and east, respectively (3). A published article in 1881 reads:

“The present school system of Shakopee is in the process of a change. A new school house is building, the cost of which will be $10,000 and a well graded school will be inaugurated with the opening of the present building (4).”

On January 10, 1882, the building officially opened for classes with Professor Giles serving as the principal. Ms. Fannie Barnes headed the grammar department and Mrs. Maybelle Patterson and Mrs. Mary O’Brien taught the primary department. At the time, the building was considered elegant for many reasons, including the use of desks in place of the more typical benches of that time. Amenities such as laboratory space, auditoriums, and gymnasiums would have been considered too luxurious for a public school at that time. In 1894, the Moore Heating Company of Minneapolis was awarded the contract for installing a “modern steam heating plant” in the school at a price of $1305. The system claimed to have produced 2,800 feet of direct radiation and was described as a “valuable and long needed improvement (5).”

Original Shakopee High School building, 1880s.

The 1897 academic year began with an enrollment of 55 students. New to the school were some interior modifications. Although the building housed grades 1 through 12, the entire second floor was now designated to the high school. Included in the high school space were: An assembly room 25 x 61 feet in size, a recitation/laboratory space 25 x 30 feet, and a library 25 x 30 feet.6 Although records do not exactly indicate when the school attained its high school status, the first official graduates, Ms. Ida Busse and Ms. Anna Pope, graduated on June 7, 1898.

1907 Addition

 By the time the 1906 graduating class of seven held graduation ceremonies, it was apparent to the community that that the school’s quarters were crowded and inadequate. In fact, the graduation ceremony included a speech by Governor John A. Johnson, a friend of Julius A. Coller, in which he stressed the importance of high school education and the community’s responsibility for making it available. Apparently this speech was very compelling, as a school bond election, held in May of 1907, passed six to one. Although this election was held before women were legally allowed to vote, they were allowed to participate in this particular election; of the 264 votes cast, 123 were cast by women (7).

Shakopee High School with the 1907 addition, 1919. Scott County Historical Society.

This bond allowed for renovation of the existing structure and an addition to the south of the original building. The entire project cost $12,000 and included a full basement for manual training, inside sanitary facilities, two large classrooms on the first floor, and a large assembly room for the High School on the second floor.

According to records, the building existed in this form until 1929 (8).

High school assembly room, 1910. Scott County Historical Society.

1929 Addition

 The school district began considering the idea of remodeling and expanding the Union Building in December of 1928. Plans were drawn up and estimates were given and a $70,000 bond issue was set for March (9). A February 28, 1929 article in the Shakopee Argus Tribune highlighted “Nine Good and Sufficient Reasons Why the Bond Issue Should Carry the Contemplated Improvements Made Without Delay”. Some of these reasons included the need for more space to remain on the accredited list, a reduction in state aid if additional space was not created, the need for an efficient heating system with automatic controls, and the need for the community to show pride in the local institutions (10).

On March 18, 1929, 636 of 672 votes were cast in favor of the bond issue and arrangements were made to get construction work underway at the earliest possible date. This addition, built on to the north face of the existing structure, was to include a library, gymnasium, auditorium, and classrooms for the high school located above the gymnasium. The new structure was designed by Jacobson & Jacobson, Architects and Engineers. Askov Construction Company served as the general contractor and the Frank Tustison Company provided the mechanical requirements. Materials were supplied locally by Schroeder Brick Manufacturing and Henry Simons Lumber Company. An article in the local paper described the construction process, including the finishing of the floors by the application of a modern substance known as Arm-A-Cote (11).

1929 proposed addition to the school, facing east. Shakopee Argus Tribune, May 29, 1930. Note: While the image above appears to be oriented correctly, it should be reversed horizontally to reflect what was actually built (the arch should be on the right side of the image). This is exactly how it was printed in the Argus Tribune all those years ago, so we decided to leave it as-is as another interesting piece of the Central School’s history.

The final cost of the addition and improvements totaled approximately $90,000. The new building included 14 classrooms, a manual training room, an artistic library, a gymnasium measuring 50 feet x 75 feet, shower baths and dressing rooms “so essential in athletic activities,” and an auditorium with a seating capacity of 700. Large enough for a regulation basketball court, the gymnasium also was designed for use as the stage for the auditorium. The gymnasium and auditorium space served not only as a school space, but also as a community center to various civic organizations. The new classrooms located above the gymnasium included study rooms, an assembly room, and a laboratory for the junior and senior high school students. The original 1881 building was then remodeled to house the home economics, manual training, and commercial departments as well as the grade school students.12

Although the construction work was completed by the arrival of the fall 1929 academic year, the school wasn’t officially dedicated until spring of 1930, during the graduation ceremony. Before the 26 graduates received diplomas in the ceremony, a dedication program was conducted in which Shakopee residents recognized the great achievement of the community. At this ceremony, superintendent E. J. Sweeney and high school principal Ms. Marguerite Christie were recognized for their roles in the remarkable progress made in the local schools(13).

“Beauty in design, utility in space, systematic arrangement of rooms, and craftsmanship in construction,” were some of the descriptions used in the school dedication issue of the Shakopee Argus-Tribune. The paper went on to praise, “A good school with ample educational facilities, such as the one we now enjoy, is one of the biggest and most important civic assets which any town may have claim to. We now have in our present a well-appointed school structure and its up-to-date equipment an educational institution which is second to none in this section (14).”

1929 proposed addition to the school, facing west. Shakopee Argus Tribune, May 29, 1930. Note: While the image above appears to be oriented correctly, it should be reversed horizontally to reflect what was actually built (the tall gymnasium windows should be on the left side of the image, and vice versa). This is exactly how it was printed in the Argus Tribune all those years ago, so we decided to leave it as-is as another interesting piece of the Central School’s history.

The oldest plans currently held by the school district are dated June 9, 1941. Created by Toltz, King and Day Engineers and Architects, these plans indicate that significant mechanical and electrical upgrades and some minor structural changes were made to the pre-1929 structure around this time. Ventilating units were installed in exterior walls in each classroom most likely to improve the indoor air quality by the introduction of fresh outside air. Other improvements included the replacement of worn out wood girders with steel beams, the improvement of the drainage in the basement locker rooms, the upgrading of the electrical system for kitchen and ventilation equipment, and an overall improvement in the interior finishes.

Part 1 References

1. Shakopee Argus-Tribune, May 29, 1930, page 1.

2. Shakopee Argus-Tribune, January 10, 1935, page 1.

3. “The Shakopee Story,” Julius A. Coller II, page 130.

4. Shakopee Argus-Tribune, March 14, 1929, page 1.

5. Scott County Argus, August 26, 1894, page 1.

6. Scott County Argus, September 16, 1897, page 1.

7. “The Shakopee Story,” Julius A. Coller II, page 214.

8. “The Shakopee Story,” Julius A. Coller II, page 215.

9. “The Shakopee Story,” Julius A. Coller II, page 327.

10. Shakopee Argus-Tribune, February 28, 1929, page 1.

11. Shakopee Argus-Tribune, May 29, 1930, page 1.

12. Shakopee Argus-Tribune, May 29, 1930, page 3.

13. Shakopee Argus-Tribune, May 29, 1930, page 3.

14. Shakopee Argus-Tribune, May 29, 1930, page 1.